The LCA study of a small-scale factory by Ellingsen et al. (2014) was replicated and analyzed using both Ecoinvent v2.2 and v3.7.1 data (Fig. 2: Small-2.2 and Small-3.7, respectively). This modification of the background system resulted in an increase of the global warming impacts from about 140 to 185 kg CO2-eq./kWh. The global warming impacts of small-scale and giga-scale LIB production are shown in Fig. 3. The Small-3.7 model coupled to the reference scenario and exclusively primary metals results in. Human (carcinogenic) toxicity impacts for the small-scale and giga-factory are shown in Fig. 5. The total amount of toxic emissions for the Small-3.7 model when coupled to the reference. A few environmental impacts such as ground level ozone formation, particulate matter formation, stratospheric ozone depletion, and ionizing. Acidification impacts for the small-scale and giga-factory are shown in Fig. 4. The acidification-related emissions in the Small-3.7 and Giga-3.7.
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Who are the authors of a life cycle assessment of lithium-ion batteries?
Maeva Lavigne Philippot, Daniele Costa, Giuseppe Cardellini, Lysander De Sutter, Jelle Smekens, Joeri Van Mierlo, Maarten Messagie. Life cycle assessment of a lithium-ion battery with a silicon anode for electric vehicles.
Lithium-ion batteries have been identified as the most environmentally benign amongst BESS . However, there is little consensus on their life cycle GWP impacts requiring further LCA study as this paper offers. 2. Literature Review for the Technical and Environmental Performances of BESS
What is the life cycle assessment of battery electric vehicles?
This study presents the life cycle assessment (LCA) of three batteries for plug-in hybrid and full performance battery electric vehicles. A transparent life cycle inventory (LCI) was compiled in a component-wise manner for nickel metal hydride (NiMH), nickel cobalt manganese lithium-ion (NCM), and iron phosphate lithium-ion (LFP) batteries.
Does lithium-oxygen Lio 2 battery reduce environmental impact?
Life cycle assessment (LCA) of lithium-oxygen LiβO 2 battery showed that the system had a lower environmental impact compared to the conventional NMC-G battery, with a 9.5 % decrease in GHG emissions to 149 g CO 2 eq km β1 .
Does lithium-ion battery production change environmental burdens over time?
Life cycle assessment (LCA) literature evaluating environmental burdens from lithium-ion battery (LIB) production facilities lacks an understanding of how environmental burdens have changed over time due to a transition to large-scale production.
What is a lithium-based battery sustainability framework?
By providing a nuanced understanding of the environmental, economic, and social dimensions of lithium-based batteries, the framework guides policymakers, manufacturers, and consumers toward more informed and sustainable choices in battery production, utilization, and end-of-life management.