A Multi-Stage Approach to a Hybrid Lead Acid Battery and
As indicated by the simulated results, the hybrid battery SOC is maintained at 90–96% and the terminal voltage is approximately 12 V. Keywords: lead acid battery; supercapacitor; DC/DC converter; state-of-charge 1. Introduction Many applications have seen the widespread use of lead acid batteries (LABs) and supercapacitors in recent years.