To address this gap, this study systematically evaluates the technological frameworks involved, including (a) various generation technologies such as coal-fired Rankine cycle plants, natural gas combined cycle plants, and cogeneration units; (b) concentrated solar power (CSP). To address this gap, this study systematically evaluates the technological frameworks involved, including (a) various generation technologies such as coal-fired Rankine cycle plants, natural gas combined cycle plants, and cogeneration units; (b) concentrated solar power (CSP). The United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has confirmed that continued greenhouse gas emissions, particularly from thermoelectric power plants, will accelerate global warming. The consequences of this include extreme weather events such as heavy rainfall, floods, severe. This paper investigates a retrofitting strategy that turns coal power plants into thermal energy storage (TES) and zero-carbon data centers (DCs). The proposed capacity expansion model considers the co-locations of DCs, local renewable genera-tion, and energy storage with the system-level coal. A solar-molten salt energy storage system based on multiple heat sources is constructed in this study. The heat generated from the solar field and the steams are used for the peaking process to further enhance the peaking capacity and flexibility. utilities have announced thousands of megawatts of coal plant retirements to take effect over the next 15 years. Until recently, newly-constructed natural-gas-fired units typically replaced decommissioned coal. With the relevant techno-economic data and design characteristics of archetype coal plants, we evaluate fleet-level impacts by mappingtheplantsinthefleettooneofthecoalplantarchetypesmodelled indetail.