The primary components of a solar panel are its solar cells. P-type or n-type solar cells mix crystalline silicon, gallium, or boron to create silicon ingot. Most panels on the market are made of monocrystalline, polycrystalline, or thin film ("amorphous”) silicon. What kind of home do you live in? Polysilicon, made from silicon metal, is the key material used to make solar cells. Each component plays a distinct role in optical protection, electrical energy conversion, mechanical support, and electrical connection.