This review synthesizes the state of the art in PV cooling methods, categorizing them into passive techniques (heat sinks, fins, phase change materials, radiative coatings, and natural convection enhancements) and active approaches (air cooling, liquid cooling, jet. This review synthesizes the state of the art in PV cooling methods, categorizing them into passive techniques (heat sinks, fins, phase change materials, radiative coatings, and natural convection enhancements) and active approaches (air cooling, liquid cooling, jet. Photovoltaic (PV) modules experience substantial electrical efficiency losses under elevated operating temperatures, driving increasing interest in active and passive cooling strategies. This review synthesizes the state of the art in PV cooling methods, categorizing them into passive techniques. Modern methods of cooling PV modules are based on beam splitting (or spectral bandwidth), which distinguishes the wavelength of solar radiation reaching the cells. An of PV cooling techniques depending on the refrigerant used is shown in Fig. Introduction Solar energy is important in energy structure adjustment and energy. To improve photovoltaic (PV) panels' efficiency, one of the ways to do so is to maintain the correct working temperature for maximum yield of energy. Effective temperature management and dissipation of excess heat are essential to protect the.